What is a Hernia?
A hernia is a bulge or lump that occurs when there is a weakness in the muscles or tissue of the abdomen wall. This weakness allows some of the contents of the abdomen to push through the weakened area inside a sac to be outside the muscle wall but below the skin. Most hernia only contain fatty tissue, but as they enlarge some will contain bowel or intestine. See Image >>
There are many different types of hernia. The most common is the inguinal hernia which occurs in the groin area and predominantly in men. Other hernias can occur in the navel (umbilical hernia), under the groin ligaments (femoral hernia), under large incisions (incisional hernia), and through the diaphragm into the chest (hiatus hernia).
As a rule, sufferers first become aware of a hernia when they notice a lump or a swelling or notice pain in the affected area. Hernias are usually more obvious to the eye when standing, coughing or straining. Most hernias will reduce back inside the muscle wall when the sufferer lies down. If the hernia does not 'disappear' when the patient is lying down, it may be 'incarcerated' or 'strangulated' and need urgent assessment for surgery.
Hernias can be caused by accidents. If there is a clear link between the development of a tender lump after heavy lifting or straining you may have an injury related hernia and qualify for ACC funded surgical repair. You should notify your employer if it occurred at work and you should talk with your General Practitioner about any accident or activity you believe may have caused the hernia to develop.
Who is at Risk of a Hernia?
A hernia can develop in anyone, from a newborn baby to a senior citizen. The following factors can increase an individual's risk to suffering a hernia by straining or increasing pressure on the abdominal wall:
- Obesity
- Straining during bowel movements
- Pregnancy
- Straining to lift heavy objects
- A chronic cough such as a smoker’s cough
- Persistent sneezing caused by an allergy